自動變速箱油（ATF）不僅承擔(dān)潤滑作用，還承擔(dān)著傳遞動力、傳遞液壓信號、冷卻和清潔等多重功能。可以說，變速箱油就是自動變速箱的“血液”。

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) not only provides lubrication, but also serves multiple functions such as transmitting power, hydraulic signals, cooling, and cleaning. It can be said that transmission oil is the "blood" of automatic transmissions.

換油周期是多少？ 不同車型、不同變速箱類型的換油周期各不相同。AT自動變速箱理論換油周期為5年或10萬公里，MT手動變速箱為8年或15萬公里，CVT無級變速箱約為10萬公里，DCT雙離合變速箱約為6萬公里。如果車輛使用手冊未標(biāo)明具體換油時(shí)間，一般可按照6萬至8萬公里的里程來更換。需要非常警惕“終身免維護(hù)”的說法——這不過是車企在理想工況下的理論值，現(xiàn)實(shí)中的堵車、重載、高溫都在加速油液老化。

What is the oil change interval? The oil change intervals vary for different vehicle models and transmission types. The theoretical oil change interval for AT automatic transmission is 5 years or 100000 kilometers, for MT manual transmission it is 8 years or 150000 kilometers, for CVT continuously variable transmission it is about 100000 kilometers, and for DCT dual clutch transmission it is about 60000 kilometers. If the vehicle manual does not specify the specific oil change time, it can generally be replaced according to a mileage of 60000 to 80000 kilometers. Special attention should be paid to the statement of "lifetime maintenance free" - this is just the theoretical value of car companies under ideal working conditions, and in reality, traffic jams, heavy loads, and high temperatures are accelerating oil aging.

重力換油還是循環(huán)換油？ 這是車主們非常常糾結(jié)的問題。重力換油是擰開變速箱底部的放油螺絲讓舊油流出，再加入新油——這種方式大約只能更換30%的變速箱油，仍有70%的舊油殘留在變速箱內(nèi)。循環(huán)換油則使用專用設(shè)備，在變速箱運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中將舊油充分循環(huán)排出，換油率可達(dá)90%以上。循環(huán)換油效果更好，但費(fèi)用也更高。需要注意的是，無論哪種方式都要在發(fā)動機(jī)啟動、變速箱油達(dá)到工作溫度的狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行。

Gravity oil change or circulation oil change? This is the most common dilemma for car owners. Gravity oil change is the process of unscrewing the drain screw at the bottom of the gearbox to allow old oil to flow out, and then adding new oil - this method can only replace about 30% of the gearbox oil, leaving 70% of the old oil remaining in the gearbox. Circulating oil change uses specialized equipment to fully circulate and drain the old oil during the operation of the gearbox, with an oil change rate of over 90%. Circulating oil change has a better effect, but the cost is also higher. It should be noted that regardless of the method, it should be carried out when the engine is started and the transmission oil reaches operating temperature.

換油建議更換濾網(wǎng)——這是許多車主容易忽略的關(guān)鍵步驟。就像給魚缸換水不換過濾棉一樣，不更換濾網(wǎng)，再清澈的油也撐不了多久。濾網(wǎng)堵塞會導(dǎo)致油壓不足，進(jìn)而引發(fā)一系列變速箱故障。

Replacing the oil filter is a crucial step that many car owners tend to overlook. Just like changing the water in a fish tank without changing the filter cotton, no matter how clear the oil is, it won't last long without changing the filter. Blockage of the filter can lead to insufficient oil pressure, which in turn can cause a series of transmission failures.

油品選擇：型號錯(cuò)了等于白修

Oil selection: Incorrect model is equivalent to no repair

自動變速箱油不像發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油那樣有一定的通用性——基本上是一款變速箱對應(yīng)一款油，換錯(cuò)型號很容易導(dǎo)致變速箱故障。CVT變速箱建議使用專用的CVT油，普通ATF油的粘度不夠，用了必定出問題。不同品牌、不同車系的變速箱油認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也各不相同。

Automatic transmission oil does not have a certain universality like engine oil - basically one type of oil corresponds to one transmission, and changing the wrong model can easily lead to transmission failure. The CVT gearbox must use specialized CVT oil, and the viscosity of ordinary ATF oil is not enough, which will inevitably cause problems if used. The certification standards for transmission oil vary among different brands and car series.

曾經(jīng)有車主將綠色的CVT專用油錯(cuò)加成紅色的ATF自動變速箱油，導(dǎo)致變速箱鋼帶表面布滿劃痕，維修賬單高達(dá)4萬元。這兩類油的摩擦系數(shù)和粘度特性完全不同——CVT油需要承受鋼帶與錐輪間高達(dá)400?！っ椎哪Σ亮?，而ATF油則是為齒輪嚙合設(shè)計(jì)的。選錯(cuò)油品，短期看不出問題，但金屬磨損會像慢性毒藥一樣侵蝕變速箱。專家建議盡量選用原廠油品——汽車廠家根據(jù)變速箱的技術(shù)指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)出有針對性的油品，使用這樣的油品可以保持變速箱良好的機(jī)械性能、延長壽命。

Once, a car owner mistakenly added green CVT special oil to red ATF automatic transmission oil, causing scratches on the surface of the transmission steel strip and a repair bill of up to 40000 yuan. The friction coefficient and viscosity characteristics of these two types of oil are completely different - CVT oil needs to withstand a friction force of up to 400 Nm between the steel strip and the bevel wheel, while ATF oil is designed for gear meshing. Choosing the wrong oil may not reveal any problems in the short term, but metal wear can corrode the gearbox like a chronic poison. Experts suggest using original oil products as much as possible - car manufacturers design targeted oil products based on the technical specifications of the gearbox. Using such oil products can maintain good mechanical performance and extend the life of the gearbox.

規(guī)范維修：拆卸與裝配的“工匠精神”

Standardized maintenance: the "craftsman spirit" of disassembly and assembly

自動變速箱的維修是一項(xiàng)非常細(xì)致的工作。規(guī)范的維修流程需要經(jīng)過多個(gè)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牟襟E。

The maintenance of automatic transmissions is a very meticulous task. A standardized maintenance process requires multiple rigorous steps.

拆卸前的準(zhǔn)備至關(guān)重要。要先查對變速箱型號，向配件供應(yīng)商了解配件供應(yīng)情況——在不能保證起碼的易損件和必?fù)Q件的情況下，不應(yīng)立即拆卸解體。不要采取“先解體、再找配件”的做法，否則可能因配件困難導(dǎo)致無法恢復(fù)。

Preparation before disassembly is crucial. It is necessary to first check the transmission model and inquire with the parts supplier about the supply situation of the parts - if the minimum vulnerable parts and necessary replacement parts cannot be guaranteed, they should not be disassembled immediately. Do not adopt the approach of "disassembling first and then finding accessories", otherwise it may be difficult to restore due to difficulty in finding accessories.

拆卸過程有嚴(yán)格的順序要求。自動變速箱殼體大多用鋁合金鑄成，拆卸時(shí)嚴(yán)禁使用撬棍和鐵器直接敲打。拆卸液控閥體時(shí)要非常小心，上下閥體分離時(shí)要防止?jié)L珠、卡環(huán)等掉落，要準(zhǔn)確記住正確位置。拆檢單向離合器時(shí)建議注意正確的配裝方向。

The dismantling process has strict sequential requirements. The housing of automatic transmissions is mostly made of aluminum alloy, and it is strictly prohibited to use pry bars and iron tools to directly strike during disassembly. Be particularly careful when disassembling the hydraulic control valve body. When separating the upper and lower valve bodies, prevent the ball bearings, snap rings, etc. from falling off, and remember the correct position accurately. When disassembling and inspecting the one-way clutch, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct installation direction.

裝配環(huán)節(jié)同樣容不得半點(diǎn)馬虎。墊上O型密封圈等易損件原則上拆卸后應(yīng)更換新件。新離合器片、制動器片需在變速箱油中浸泡吸足油后才能裝合。閥芯、活塞、密封件等裝合時(shí)應(yīng)涂上變速箱油。每個(gè)螺絲都要按規(guī)定力矩?cái)Q緊——擰松了漏油，擰緊了可能把殼體擰裂。

The assembly process also cannot tolerate any carelessness. In principle, vulnerable parts such as O-ring seals should be replaced with new ones after disassembly. The new clutch plates and brake plates need to be soaked and fully absorbed in the transmission oil before they can be installed. When assembling valve cores, pistons, seals, etc., they should be coated with transmission oil. Each screw must be tightened to the specified torque - loosening may result in oil leakage, and tightening may cause the housing to crack.